Bahaism and Governments of colonialist power ( Colonialism)
Sourced from: “Baha’ism and politics” (2)
From the beginning of the appearance of the Babi and Baha’i dispensation, many were of the opinion that the czarina
* Preface: behind the act of politics
From the beginning of the appearance of the Babi and Baha’i dispensation, many were of the opinion that the czarina
Abdul-Baha, the second leader of Bahais, had a key role in the events of the First World War, especially in the occupation of
At the time of Shoghi, the third leader of Bahais, and after the establishment of
But, Bahais cannot bear this bitter fact and always try to penetrate these relations as usual and in some cases as divine!
About the growth and expansion of Baha’i dispensation, there are different points of view. Some people deny it, some emphasize it and some hesitate about it, some response positively and some response negatively. Anyhow, everybody tries to prove the truthfulness of his beliefs.
But really how can we find the truth? How can we recognize it among these decisive partisanships?
I think we can find it only by such a fair research in which justice is observed and prejudice is avoided.
Is Baha’i dispensation really originated by colonial countries to follow their goals or it is only a slander made by Muslims to accuse Bahais?
Bahais reject this claim and the first reason they give to get rid of it, is their religious order in which they are prohibited from interference in political issues. But this reason is not convincing because the mere existence of an order in a religion cannot be a guaranty to obey it. If so, the Muslims will claim that because accusation is illegitimate in their religion, they will never accuse others and in this manner, all of Bahais certainly are cooperating with colonial countries. In such a case there is no claim and it can be taken into account as a kind of fact.
By means of this logic, neither of the Bahais’ reasons nor of the Muslims’ responses is acceptable. We conclude that the best way for proving the accuracy or inaccuracy of a historical fact, is referring to history and because the historical documents of Muslims are not accepted by Bahais completely, we use Baha’i history books. In this case there is no reason for objection or protest.
Fortunately, in our studies we find convincing documents that can be useful for those who seek for the truth.
You can read the texts and judge yourself!
* Introduction
About the relations between Bahais and strangers we prepare two notes and each of them has two acts.
* The first note is named "the footprint of tsar" and is about the relation of Babes and Bahais with czarinas
* The second note is named "the old colonizer" and is about the relations of Bahais with
Both of them will prove the fact that even if the Babi and Baha’i dispensations were not generated by colonialism, they are certainly growing in the heart of strangers and colonizers and they have been supported by them.
*The third act: In the embrace of the old colonizer
* Flattery and spurious prayer
It was mentioned that after the king’s thwarted assassination, Baha’u’llah was accused of collaboration with the agents of this terror and he was arrested, but by the generous efforts of the Russian ambassador, he was released and exiled to
Abdul-Baha was also one of the devotees of the Russian emperor like his father. He was always praying for that glorious government. But after the disintegration of the czarina
O my God! O my God!
Assist the glorious government of Ottoman and this Mohammedan succession with Thy good pleasure and secret confirmation; strengthen them in earth and in Empyrean by Thy power for the spreading of Thy divine fragrances! I supplicate Thou to immune the lands of this empire and secure their center of succession from difficulties and sufferings.
As you see, Baha’u’llah humbly prays for the endurance of
We understand nothing about the government of
An elegant point in this supplication is the implied confession of Baha’u’llah on the seal of the prophet of Islam and on the eternity of Islam; on the one hand he supplicates for the endurance of Ottoman Empire in the world, and on the other hand, he supposes them the true successors of the prophet of Islam, in fact, by this supplication he is insisting on the eternity of Islam.
This supplication continues as follows:
O Thou Glorious Lord
Immunize ottoman government and safeguard them by Thy eye of loving kindness. Because ottoman government protects the sacred spot and the Sinai desert and Bahais are under their auspices and support. Verily Thou art the Powerful, the Precious, the Protecting!
The important part in this supplication is this part:
“Bahais are under the auspices of ottoman empire.”
Don’t forget this part, because in following pages you will read Shoghi’s words about
As you see, Abdul-Baha supplicated God to strengthen
Let’s read another prayer of Abdul-Baha for the endurance of
O Thou Glorious Lord!
Aid the fair government of Ottoman by Thou pleasure and confirmation.
O my God! Assist their forces and confirm their raised flag.
Make the commands of this government effective and penetrating.
O God! Support their supporters and keep whatever which should be protected in this government.
O God! Expand the fame and respectability of this empire.
Disseminate their signs and works and elevate their flags.
O Thou Glorious Lord! Do whatever had been requested by Thy power which is capable of doing everything in the world.
Verily, Thou assist every one thou desire and thou art the Mighty.
By considering these prayers, it became obvious that Abdul-Baha had been in great allegiance and devotion to
* The accusation of spying and its background
Although Abdul-Baha tried to appease the authorities of Ottoman government by means of spurious and flattering supplications, but “Jamal Pasha” who was the ottoman commander-in-chief was very suspicious of him and found him guilty.
The following story is narrated by Abdul-Baha:
“When Jamal Pasha arrived in Akka and wanted to visit me, I got on a donkey and went to his home. When he saw me, he received me and then seated me beside himself and suddenly said to me: you are a seditious man in religion and that’s why the
But I thought he is Turk and I should reply him in a ridiculous and silencing manner.”
This suspicion has a background and although Shoghi Effendi tried to pretend it something else, but intelligent people who are familiar with the policies of the old colonizer (
Let’s review Shoghi’s narrations about this matter and then you can judge yourself. After pretending the claim that people welcome Baha’u’llah, Shoghi claimed:
“Functionaries of foreign governments, attempted, in their short-sightedness, to secure His support and assistance for the furtherance of the designs they cherished; designs which He unhesitatingly and severely condemned.” (God passes by. Part 2, p.83)
The people who are familiar with politics will understand this part nicely; the functionaries of foreign government “in their short-sightedness!” found thoroughly that they can “secure His support and assistance for the furtherance of the designs they cherished”. Now, the question is that if they are short-sighted, how do they find the fact that Baha’u’llah is a good agent to help them to achieve their political goals?
Anyhow, they found the truth and that’s why:
“Nor was the then representative of the British government, Colonel Sir Arnold Burrows Kimball, consul-general in
These points can be gathered from Shoghi’s words:
1- Representative of the British government, Colonel Sir Arnold Burrows Kimball, consul-general in
2- After this sensibility (which maybe completely Devine and spiritual!), he wrote a letter to Baha’u’llah.
3- The consul- general offered Him the official protection of
4- And emphasized that Great Britain Empire is ready to imitate and follow Baha’u’llah!
It seems Shoghi’s intention is the suggestion of citizenship of
5- In their meeting, the Consul- General undertook to transmit to Queen
6- Consul- General expressed his readiness to arrange for the transfer of His residence to
7- Baha’u’llah declined all of offerings seemingly and preferred to abide in the dominions of the Sultan of Turkey (
Later on, after the hidden and obvious relations of Abdul-Baha and Britain government, the reasons of such compliments by consul-general and such denials by Baha’u’llah became obvious; At those days, Baha’u’llah was under the protection of tsarina Russia and he enjoyed the obvious supports of them (he was condemned to death because of his collaboration with the agents of the Nasiridin shah’s terror and then by the efforts of the Russia ambassador he was released),so it was not advisable to have a relation with England which was known as Russia political antagonist!
But according to narrations of his son (Abdul-Baha), Baha’u’llah had revealed some tablets about
“Although the justice and good politics of the glorious government of
We are not sure about the revelation of such tablet by Baha’u’llah because these expressions are narrated by Abdul-Baha when Russia Empire had been disintegrated and
But if we accept the truth worthy of this claim, by considering the words of Baha’u’llah about the justice of Britain empire and their good policy and considering the future events and the role of Abdul-Baha in these events, it will be obvious that although according to Shoghi, The functionaries of foreign governments could not secure Baha’u’llah’s support and assistance for the furtherance of the designs they cherished, but they could profit the presence of Abdul-Baha for their achievements thoroughly.
It should be mentioned that not only the short-sighted politics of Britain but also not well informed politics of French were sensible about the loftiness of the positions of Baha’u’llah . They wanted to reap the benefits of Bahaullah’s assistances and achieve their political and materialistic goals. When he was in Adrianople:
“The deputy consul of
These points can be gathered from Shoghi’s words:
1- Baha’u’llah had a record of friendship with deputy consul of
2- The deputy consul came to visit Baha’u’llah secretly as if the officials were not aware of this meeting.
3- He requested Baha’u’llah at this short meeting to become disgusted with Islam and to be a citizen of
4- If he accepts their suggestions, the
We don’t know what the deputy consul means when he asked Baha’u’llah to disgust Islam, but it is necessary to know that:
a- Baha’u’llah’s behavior had been in the manner that French people supposed him a Muslim.
b- But actually, he wasn’t a Muslim at those days because in the story of “Badasht”, Islam had been abrogated by the Babis who were present over there and Bahaullah was one of them.
So maybe, the
Although Baha’u’llah declined these offerings too, but really we don’t know what was in the behavior of Baha’u’llah which attracts all the colonial countries!?
The Frenchmen had been attracted not only by the characteristics of Baha’u’llah but also by the characteristics of his son, Abdul-Baha.
Abdul-Baha expressed his opinions in the tablets which revealed for Abul-fazl Golpayegani:
“I received some letters from
It is very surprising that the Frenchmen worry about the religion and spiritual affairs of their colonial countries to the extent that they insist to send the Baha’i teachers over there! Why didn’t they invite them to
The wise people will understand nicely the goals of colonizers behind these sympathetic and spiritual requests!
* Proving a spying accusation
As you remember, Abdul-Baha was praying for the endurance of
Let’s review Shoghi’s narration after the occupation of Palestine by British army:
“In the Holy Land, however, though the outcome of that tremendous struggle was to liberate once and for all the Heart and Center of the Faith from the Turkish yoke, a yoke which had imposed for so long upon its Founder and His Successor such oppressive and humiliating restrictions, yet severe privations and grave dangers continued to surround its inhabitants during the major part of that conflict, and renewed, for a time, the perils which had confronted ‘Abdu’l-Bahá during the years of His incarceration in Akká”.
If Abdul-Baha was living in oppressive and humiliating conditions when he was living under the protection of
“Bahais are under the auspices of ottoman empire.”
And if according to his expressions and the mentioned supplication, he believed in Ottoman Empire as a divine government and Mohammedan succession, why his grandchild expressed his happiness by the defeat of
Shoghi narrates the events in his book “God Passes By” as follows:
“The Turkish Commander-in-Chief, the brutal, the all-powerful and unscrupulous Jamal Pasha, an inveterate enemy of the Faith, through his own ill-founded suspicions and the instigation of its enemies, had already grievously afflicted ‘Abdu’l-Bahá, and even expressed his intention of crucifying Him and of razing to the ground the Tomb of Baha’u’llah.”
As it was mentioned, when Abdul-Baha was living in
On the other hand, Jamal Pasha didn’t afflict Bahaullah for his Faith because at those days, Baha’i faith wasn’t propounded as a religion in
If Abdul-Baha didn’t propound the Baha’i Faith as a religion in
In fact, Jamal Pasha afflicted Abdul-Baha because he supposed him as a spy and an instigator of their enemies.
* The master’s worry and his affairs
Jamal Pasha found out everything about the role of Abdul-Baha as a spy of
The English believers as soon as they had been apprised of the dire peril threatening the life of ‘Abdu’l-Bahá undertook to insure His security; on the measures independently taken whereby Lord Curzon and others in the British Cabinet were advised as to the critical situation at Haifa; on the prompt intervention of Lord Lamington , who immediately wrote to the Foreign Office to “explain the importance of ‘Abdu’l-Bahá’s position;”
According to this historical and betrayal report of Shoghi which was expressed unconsciously:
• The English believers were apprised that the life of Abdul-Baha had been threatened.
• So they try to secure his life.
• The prime minister and the others in the British cabinet inquired the danger which was threatening Abdul-Baha in
• Lord Lamington immediately wrote to the foreign office of the empire to explain the importance of Abdul-Baha’s position.
During the periods that
Let’s read Shoghi’s narration to find out his important role:
“on the dispatch which the Foreign Secretary, Lord Balfour , on the day of the receipt of this letter, sent to General Allenby , instructing him to “extend every protection and consideration to ‘Abdu’l-Bahá, His family and His friends;” on the cablegram subsequently sent by the General, after the capture of Haifa, to London, requesting the authorities to “notify the world that ‘Abdu’l-Bahá is safe;”
Let’s consider these circumstances again to find about the events behind the act of politics:
• The aggressive
•
• At the same time, Jamal Pasha became suspicious to Abdul-Baha and his companionship with British armies and decided to arrest him.
• The English believers by the help of
During analyzing these circumstances, we remember unconsciously the message of the Russian ambassador to the prime minister of
And again, in the story of
Let’s continue the story:
on the orders which that same General issued to the General Commanding Officer in command of the Haifa operations to insure ‘Abdu’l-Bahá’s safety, thus frustrating the express intention of the Turkish Commander-in-Chief (according to information which had reached the British Intelligence Service) to “crucify ‘Abdu’l-Bahá and His family on Mt. Carmel” in the event of the Turkish army being compelled to evacuate Haifa and retreat northwards. ;”
So the British sympathetic government, by the assistances of the political and military functionaries secures the life of Abdul-Baha as their trustful servant.
* The reward of the sincere services
As it was mentioned, the prayers of Abdul-Baha for the endurance of Ottoman Empire were spurious and untruthful because:
The three years which elapsed between the liberation of Palestine by the British forces and the passing of ‘Abdu’l-Bahá were marked by a further enhancement of the prestige which the Faith, despite the persecutions to which it had been subjected, had acquired at its world center, and by a still greater extension in the range of its teaching activities in various parts of the world. The danger which, for no less than three score years and five, had threatened the lives of the Founders of the Faith and of the
We reminded that Baha’ism even after the occupation of
Thus, after the occupation of
Although the sincere efforts of Abdul-Baha for the occupation of Palestine by British army is called a humanistic affair by Shoghi Effendi, but by reading these two lines, the reason of his efforts became known; a freedom from restrictions is reward of such an effort. These sincere efforts had another advantage too:
“Nor were the British authorities slow to express their appreciation of the role which ‘Abdu’l-Bahá had played in allaying the burden of suffering that had oppressed the inhabitants of the
Now let’s review the scene of conferment of Knighthood to Abdul-Baha:
• On one hand, Abdul-Baha prays for the endurance of ottoman empire,
• On the other hand,
• At the same time, the
• And after all these events, the occupier forces confer the title of Knighthood to Abdul-Baha for his sincere services in the occupation of
• It should be mention that when the invader forces of
• Maybe this is one of the generous efforts of Abdul-Baha which is done for the abatement of the pains of people of the occupied country!
Now the question is that Why did an invader country confer the title of knighthood to a nonnative citizen?
* The title of knighthood
We wanted to know about the persons who receive this title, so we refered to the
Knight… The title knight (Ger. Ritter, Fr. Chevalier) was later used as a noble title in
The difference between knight and knighthood:
Knight is the one who received the title of knighthood.
According to the historical conditions of that period and besieging of
* Prayer for the original master
After the victory of Britain Empire and occupation of
“… In these days, praise be to God, the dark clouds are shattered and the light of security and comfort are illuminating this land. The tyrant sovereignty is ruined and a fair government appears.”
As you see, Abdul-Baha believed in Ottoman Empire as tyrant sovereignty in contrary to his previous flattery and spurious prayer for its endurance and supposed the
“It is a great miracle that cannot be denied by anybody except a guilty occupier.”
And then he claims:
“The sacred teachings of Baha’u’llah make the human world convenient and bright.”
Abdul-Baha describes his father’s miracle as follows:
“The justice and good politics of the glorious government of
It is strange that after the occupation of
“The people of this land experience convenience and comfort after great damages”.
How great miracle is this foretelling! Because as you see after 90 years the people of Palestine are experiencing security and comfort under the auspices of Britain government by the name of Zionism of Israel!
In another letter which is written in the 17th of September of 1918A.D. in the honor of the glorious government of
“O Thou Glorious Lord! Verily the royal court of justice has been established in throughout this land (
O God! I praise Thou for the establishment of this righteous kingdom and this victorious government which exploit all of his forces to prepare comfort for people.
O Thou Glorious Lord! Assist the great emperor of
I hope his kindness and protection over this holy land will never cease.
O my God! I supplicate Thou to do all these with thy assist and confirm. Verily, Thou are omnipotent and eminent.”
It should be reminded again that these purports are the same as the prayers of Abdul-Baha for the endurance and empowerment of
In the first article as you remember we narrated these prayers for the endurance of the glorious emperor of
* The mourning of the wolfish colonizer
The Great Britain Empire is really a thankful government. This gratitude became apparent when Abdul-Baha (Abbas Effendi) died:
The British Secretary of State for the Colonies, Mr. Winston Churchill , telegraphed immediately to the High Commissioner for
The Commander-in-Chief of the Egyptian Expeditionary Force, General Congreve , addressed to the High Commissioner for
A historical analyst, by considering such a sincere feeling and sympathetic responses of the British Generals, will find out the sorry of Britain Empire by missing such a sincere servant; the one who had a key role in the occupation of
that’s why Sir. Herbert Samuel attends in the funeral procession of Sir. Abbas Effendi!
I apologize you because I had to remind you the previous events again; the events of the execution of the Bab in which the Russian consul attended and was crying spuriously for the Bab and was sympathizing his followers.
But the simpleton Bahais supposed these spurious feeling as a sign of the divinity and greatness of their leaders and surely these thoughts are inspired by their teachers and leaders!
*The fourth act: the links of a chain*
* Baha’ism and
There are many ideas about the role of Bahais in the appearance of the Zionism regime of
“A freedom from restrictions which was later expanded into a clearer recognition of the institutions of the Cause.”
It is obvious that before establishment of the
The
The divine promise of God to sons of Abraham and heirs of Moses has been fulfilled and the
As you see, Shoghi believed in
After these political and mutual agreements, Mrs. Roohieh Maxwell, Shoghi’s wife, had a meeting with Ben-Gurion, the Prime minister of Israel and These expressions were delivered in this meeting:
“If the establishment of the Baha’i world center in the Jewish country of Israel is supposed nonsense, Mrs. Rabbni (Roohieh Maxwell) wouldn’t declares doubtlessly: “Bahais belong to Israel. And if want to believe in discern and advantage, I prefer that the youngest religion in the world progress in the youngest country and in fact, our future are like the links of a chain.”
And really, as it was emphasized by Mrs. Maxwell, Baha’ism is attached to
It should be mentioned that although Baha’ism is recognized officially in
* The prohibition of teaching and residence in
Teaching and publicity is emphasized in Baha’i Faith and it is the most important duty of Bahais. Despite this, teaching is prohibited in
He ordered to write about Sadeq, the son of Agha Mohammad Javad-e-Ash chi:
This immoral and ignoble man has travelled to
We are not sure about other crimes of this immoral and ignoble man, but according to this exalted epistle, he was condemned to “the spiritual rejection” for he has travelled to
* The summary and the end*
We explain all the political games of the Baha’i leaders according to their writings.
And we learn in the first part that:
1. In the story of attack upon king Nasiridin’s life, Baha’u’llah seek asylum in
2. The
3. Baha’u’llah was exiled to
4. Baha’u’llah reminded the ambassador’s assistances and appreciated the Russian
Emperor and granted a position to him which cannot be known by anybody except God.
5. Bahais built their first House of Worship (Mashrequl-adhzkar) in Ishqabad with the support and assistances of Russian government.
6. Bahais were ordered to pray for the endurance and empowerment of the Russia Empire.
7. The prayers of Baha’u’llah and Abdul-Baha for the Russian emperor were not granted and the Russian empire was disintegrated by the Bolshevik revolution.
* In the second part we have learned:
• After the disintegration of the Russian empire, Baha’is took asylum in the
• Abdul-Baha prays for the endurance and empowerment of Ottoman Empire seemingly, but at the same time, he is accused of spying for
• After this accusation, his life was in danger and
• The
• Abdul-Baha thanks God for the establishment of British government in
• After the death of Abdul-Baha, Mr. Winston Churchill ,the British Secretary of State for the Colonies, , telegraphed immediately to the High Commissioner for Palestine, Sir Herbert Samuel, instructing him to “convey to the Baha’i Community, on behalf of His Majesty’s Government, their sympathy and condolence.”
• Mr. Winston Churchill and some of the British authorities attend in the funeral procession of Abdul-Baha.
• After the establishment of
•
• Mrs. Rohhieh Maxwell, Shoghi’s wife, described the relation of Baha’ism and
• Although teaching is very important in Baha’i Faith, but surprisingly, it is prohibited in
• If Bahais decide to travel to
All of these are among the important reasons which made the Iranians hate Babi and Baha’i dispensation. Iranians knew them as the pets of strangers after 160 years and they never recognize them officially.
Even if they were not generated by the colonizers, they were raised by the assistances of
It should be taken into account that our reasons for discomfit of Baha’ism are not based on these things; we find their discomfit by means of their leaders' inconsistent and anomalous statements.
We believed in this verse of Quran:
"Don't they ponder in Quran? If it was revealed by somebody else except God, It would cause discord and division."
This statement is true about Quran and about every claim. I mean if somebody claims that his speech is divine but he has many contradictions in his statements, it becomes clear that it is not divine and it is not revealed by God.
* * * * * * * *
Footnotes :
1. . Makatib [the letters of Abdul-Baha], vol.2, p.312
2. Dehkhoda dictionary: Jamal Pasha is one of the authorities of
It is strange why Abdul-Baha supplicated God to empower and endure such governments. It should be mentioned that Jamal Pasha is the one who had a role in the Armenian slaughter. Abdul-Baha supplicated God humbly to protect the supporters of the Ottoman government!
3. As you know, one the important slogans of Bahais is “oneness of mankind”. Under the teachings of this slogan, followers should be as Abdul-Baha claims: “O ye lovers of this wronged one! Cleanse ye your eyes, so that ye behold no man as different from yourselves. See ye no strangers; rather see all men as friends, for love and unity come hard when ye fix your gaze on otherness. And in this new and wondrous age, the Holy Writings say that we must be at one with every people; that we must see neither harshness nor injustice, neither malevolence, nor hostility, nor hate, but rather turn our eyes toward the heaven of ancient glory. For each of the creatures is a sign of God, and it was by the grace of the Lord and His power that each did step into the world; therefore they are not strangers, but in the family; not aliens, but friends, and to be treated as such”. (Makatib [letters of Abdul-Baha], vol.3, p.160).
According to these expressions, we should love Jamal Pasha who is a wolfish cruel man and we should ignore his injustice and harshness, so it shouldn’t be said that he is a Turk…. And by this speech, mock a race because of the cruelty of a man among them.
4. Asrarul-Asar-e khososi, (i.e. private secrets), vol.3, p.42 by “Fazel Mazandarani”. He is one the great Baha’i writers and prepared a collection of philosophical and mystical words and explicated them in a book which was named “Asrarul-Asar”. This collection was not published. Then he prepared a collection of Baha’i words which are used in their books, and named it “Asraul-Asar e khososi”.
5. Kitab-e Qarn-e Badi, vol.2, p.133, 134, (Persian copy) .God passes by. Part 2, p.83, (English copy)
6. Kitab-e Qarn-e Badi, vol.2, p. 134, (Persian copy) .God passes by. Part 2, p.83, (English copy)
7. Makatib, vol.3, p.346
8. . Al-kavakeb Al-dorrieh, vol.1, p.380,381
9. “Maidih Asemani”, vol.9, p.43, 49. By “Eshraq Khavari”. This book consists of some tablets of Baha’u’llah, Abdul-Baha and Shoghi Effendi.
10. “Kitab-e Qarn-e Badi”, vol.3, p.289, (Persian copy) .God passes by. Part 3, p.190, (English copy)
11. Kitab-e Qarn-e Badi, vol.3, p.291, published in 122 Badi’.(Persian copy) .God passes by. Part 3, p.190, (English copy)
12. George Nathaniel Curzon, Marques, Viscount Scarsdale, Baron Ravensdale. George Curzon (1859-1925) was a British politician. He was the representative of the
1- Duke 2- Marques 3- Earl 4- viscount 5- Baron
- Lord: it is a title which is conferred to Baron formally. Marques, Earl or viscount are called Lord informally and it comes before their last name like the title of “Sir” which comes before the name of a person who has received the title of “knighthood”.
- Count: a nobleman who is not British. His ranking is the same as Earl
( concise Oxford English Dictionary, Tenth Edition,
13. Lord Lamington. We don’t find information about this British politician. It seems that he had been one of the functionaries of Britain Empire in
14. God Passes By.part3, p.191
15. Arthur James Balfour (1848-1930) was a British politician who entered the parliament as a Conservative in 1874. He was his uncle’s secretor in the
16. Edmund Henry Hyndman Allenby, 1th viscount, (1861-1936) was a British Marshal (the highest military rank in some countries). At the beginning of the First World War (1914), he was the leader of cavalry and then the British military in
17. God Passes By.part3, p.191
18. Kitab-e Qarn-e Badi, vol.3, p.297, (Persian copy) .God passes by. Part 3, p.191, (English copy)
19. Kitab-e Qarn-e Badi, vol.3, p.298, (Persian copy) .God passes by. Part 3, p.191, (English copy)
20. Kitab-e Qarn-e Badi, vol.3, p.298, (Persian copy) .God passes by. Part 3, p.191, (English copy)
21. Kitab-e Qarn-e Badi, vol.3, p.299, (Persian copy) .God passes by. Part 3, p.192, (English copy)
22. refer to “chosen highway” written by lady
23. The
(http://www.bartleby.com/65/kn/knight.html)
24. . Makatib, vol.3, p.346
25. Dehkhoda dictionary: the fifth George, the
26. Makatib, vol.3, p.347
27. Sir Winston Leonard Spencer Churchill (1874-1965) was a British politician, soldier and writer. He was the chancellor of
28. Herbert Louis Samuel, 1th Viscount Samuel (1870-1963) was a British politician. He entered the parliament as a Liberal in 19052. He missed his position in parliament in 1918 but was known in
He was born in a aristocratic Jewish-Orthodox family (the famous family of Samuel-Montague) in 6th of November of 1870 A.D.He was the representative of Britain parliament and the first Jewish person who entered in the Britain cabinet. He was a member of the Liberal Party of Britain who received the title of “King Samuel” by Churchill.
Samuel Herbert presented a design in 1924 in which a Jewish government should be established to protect the interests of Britain in the territory and so presented a design about the future of Palestinians to the Britain council of ministers of parliament in 1925 A.D. Immediately afterwards, he presented another design to Britain parliament about the establishment of a Jewish country in Palestine. He suggested that
After the end of the First World War, the high council of the Allies, the mandate of
29. We can’t find enough information about this person
30. We can’t find enough information about this person
31. Kitab-e Qarn-e Badi, vol.3, p.299, (Persian copy) .God passes by. Part 3, p.192, (English copy)
32. God passes by.part3, p.191
33. “ Toqiqt-e Mobarake”, (102- 109 Badi), p.290. this is a collection of Shoghi’s writing which were issued as commands, letters or reminders.
34. “Baha’i news” magazine, the year of 1340, the month of Day
35. Toghiate mobarake, 102-109, p.41 or vol.3, p.29
36. Quran, sureih Nesa: 82
Sourced from: “Baha’ism and politics” (2)
